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Socket Programming

SOCKET PROGRAMMING TCP Python provides two levels of access to network services. At a low level, you can access the basic socket support in the underlying operating system, which allows you to implement clients and servers for both connection-oriented and connectionless protocols. Python also has libraries that provide higher-level access to specific application-level network protocols, such as FTP, HTTP, and so on. What is Sockets? Sockets are the endpoints of a bidirectional communications channel. Sockets may communicate within a process, between processes on the same machine, or between processes on different continents. Sockets may be implemented over a number of different channel types: Unix domain sockets, TCP, UDP, and so on. The socket library provides specific classes for handling the common transports as well as a generic interface for handling the rest. Sockets have their own vocabulary − Term & Description 1 Domain  The family of pr...
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Implementation of DHCP Protocol

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP)  is an application layer protocol which is used to provide: Subnet Mask (Option 1 – e.g., 255.255.255.0) Router Address (Option 3 – e.g., 192.168.1.1) DNS Address (Option 6 – e.g., 8.8.8.8) Vendor Class Identifier (Option 43 – e.g., ‘unifi’ = 192.168.1.9 ##where unifi = controller) DHCP is based on a client-server model and based on discovery, offer, request, and ACK. DHCP  port number  for server is 67 and for the client is 68. It is a Client server protocol which uses UDP services. IP address is assigned from a pool of addresses. In DHCP, the client and the server exchange mainly 4 DHCP messages in order to make a connection, also called DORA process, but there are 8 DHCP messages in the process. Steps: 1) Create a network topology of a PC, a switch and a router. 2) The client is connected to Router-1, which acts like a DHCP server whose configuration         is discussed. When a cl...
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Star Topology using Hub & Switch

Star Topology Alternatively referred to as a  star network ,  star topology  is one of the most common network setups. In this configuration, every  node  connects to a central network device, like a hu b , switch , or computer. The central network device acts as a  server  and the peripheral devices act as  clients . Depending on the type of  network card  used in each computer of the star topology, a  coaxial cable  or an  RJ-45  network cable is used to connect computers together. Steps: 1) Create a network topology. 2) Assign IPs to the PCs. 3) Configure Router using CLI :-      Router>enter Router>enable Router(Config)#int gig 0/1 Router(Config)#ip address 192.168.1.1  255.255.255.0 Router(Config)#exit Router(Config)#line console 0 Router(Config-line)#password CISCO Router(Config-line)#login Router(Config-line)#exit Router(Config)#enable p...
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