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Implementation of DHCP Protocol

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(DHCP) is an application layer protocol which is used to provide:
  1. Subnet Mask (Option 1 – e.g., 255.255.255.0)
  2. Router Address (Option 3 – e.g., 192.168.1.1)
  3. DNS Address (Option 6 – e.g., 8.8.8.8)
  4. Vendor Class Identifier (Option 43 – e.g., ‘unifi’ = 192.168.1.9 ##where unifi = controller)
DHCP is based on a client-server model and based on discovery, offer, request, and ACK.
DHCP port number for server is 67 and for the client is 68. It is a Client server protocol which uses UDP services. IP address is assigned from a pool of addresses. In DHCP, the client and the server exchange mainly 4 DHCP messages in order to make a connection, also called DORA process, but there are 8 DHCP messages in the process.
DHCP Packet Tracer Example Topology

Steps:
1) Create a network topology of a PC, a switch and a router.
2) The client is connected to Router-1, which acts like a DHCP server whose configuration         is discussed. When a client sens a DHCP request to the router then router sends any of       the available IPs to the router and assigns it.
3) Router Commands:
 Router>enable
 Router#config t
 Router(config)#int gig 0/1
 Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.100.1    255.255.255.0
 Router(config-if)#no shut
 Router(config-if)#exit
 Router(config)#ip dhcp pool IP01
 Router(dhcp-config)#net 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0
 Router(dhcp-config)# default 192.168.100.1
 Router(dhcp-config)#exit
 Router(config)#ip dhcp exc 192.168.100.1   192.168.100.15
 Router(config)#exit
 Router#
4) Then go to the PC and then click on DHCP icon in IP configuration.
5) Your PC will be issued an IP address with a message, "DHCP request successful"

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